Architects of the Mind: A Blueprint for the Human Brain

2014-01-08に共有
Is the human brain an elaborate organic computer? Since the time of the earliest electronic computers, some have imagined that with sufficiently robust memory, processing speed, and programming, a functioning human brain can be replicated in silicon. Others disagree, arguing that central to the workings of the brain are inherently non-computational processes. Do we differ from complex computer algorithms? Are there essential features of the physical make-up and workings of a brain that will prevent us from creating a machine that thinks? And if we should succeed in constructing a computer that claims to be sentient, how would we know if it really is?

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

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Original Program Date: May 31, 2013
MODERATOR: Bill Weir
PARTICIPANTS: R. Douglas Fields, Kristen Harris, Murray Shanahan, Gregory Wheeler

Bill Weir's Introduction 00:00

Participant Introductions 1:08

What are the challenges of creating an artificial brain? 3:00

How does a neuron work? 6:55

A cruise through the brain. 10:29

How many laptops per neuron will it take to create a digital brain? 16:55

Axonal connections in the human brain. 21:32

Do humans have different brains? 27:42

Astroglia vs synapses 33:22

What kind of technology do we need to create a digital brain? 38:44

Building a robot that can utilize a digital brain. 44:44

How will a robot handle decision making? 54:15

Is there a philosophical awareness to neurons? 59:50

If we can build a digital brain, will it be aware? 1:02:30

AI and the risks.1:11:28

The million dollar challenge and it motivations. 1:17:42

How close do you need to model the brain to model the mind? 1:23:30

コメント (21)
  • Hello, YouTubers. The World Science Festival is looking for enthusiastic translation ambassadors for its YouTube translation project. To get started, all you need is a Google account. Check out Architects of the Mind: A Blueprint for the Human Brain to see how the process works: youtube.com/timedtext_video?ref=share&v=iMYJn2-1u2… To create your translation, just type along with the video and save when done. Check out the full list of programs that you can contribute to here: youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCShHFwKyhcDo3g7h… The World Science Festival strives to cultivate a general public that's informed and awed by science. Thanks to your contributions, we can continue to share the wonder of scientific discoveries with the world.
  • Please have an update on what we have learned in the past 7 years 🙏.... LOVE these meeting of the best minds🙌
  • Im healing up from a brain injury, astounding the damage a human can endure and still thrive. Definitely learned a lot about my condition. Relearning how to live in your 40's is definitely an adventure for lack of a better analogy .
  • Thank you so much for sharing this quite playful and exceptionally enlightening discourse.
  • A turing moment: "I have… seen things you people wouldn't believe… Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion. I watched c-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhäuser Gate. All those… moments… will be lost in time, like [small cough] tears… in... rain. Time… to die…"
  • I think that atrocities also use electricity to communicate, only on A more extremely small level. If they communicate with chemicals , and use chemicals to communicate with the synopsis, there is still an electro magnetic process which allows for this to happen. They don't fire at the same rate. And they probably have the ability to be more localized. I do also believe that micro organisms are also able to send signals to our brains, and some of them might be able to manipulate us to some degree.
  • 01:21:07 Announcer: YOUNG MAN!! What’s your name? Boy: “Callum” Announcer: Hi Allan! Callum: ok..Umm a few weeeeks. ago-
  • As I see the problem, the task is not in constructing Artificial Intelligence, but in satisfying the conditions under which the Natural Intelligence will appear in a certain complex system. Moreover, consciousness should be talked about in its own appropriate terms, but not in terms of analogy with computing machines. The other question is how to detect the moment when the complex system becomes possessing consciousness. The problem is that a complex system is conscious iff (if and only if) it itself decides that it is already consciousness-possessing. Also, when talking about consciousness (or intelligence as its qualitative characteristic) we must take into account the existence of not only the normal thoughts-producing states, but also the presence of unconscious and altered states of consciousness, and the various nonlocal consciousness-related phenomena. I mean that what we know about the mind is what we can experience, but there are a lot of elements that we cannot experience in principle. The mind will work only when all its elements are replicated. However, when we will replicate the elements A and B, and ignore the elements C, D, F, etc. (because we do not even expect they must be there), then we could hardly expect for any solutions. Therefore, to solve the problem of Artificial Intelligence we must have an effective theory of consciousness in the first place. Indeed, we must know for sure what we are going to construct before trying to construct it. The mere playing with computer chips by connecting them at random will never lead us to positive results.
  • You guy are awesome, absolutly love the information. Wish I had a way to ask some of my own questions to these people you have these sessions with.
  • @DavidPace
    19 mins into the video and thus far it seems to me that growing a brain would be easier than trying to reproduce it. There's another video on this channel from 2018 called, "Forever Young" (The Promise of Human Regeneration), that explains how other human organs are being grown. I wonder how much progress has been made since these videos.
  • @Mikinct
    one aspect stated previously is that when humans studied the art of flight we first looked at how animals fly, be it birds. But by understanding flight dynamics in general we modeled flight & ended up achieving the goal of flight but with airplanes that do not have to flap their wings. Using computers or models we might not need to flap our wings like birds but achieve the same or better results differently. Achieving goals such as simulating chess game- don't need consciousness etc People thought back then that you needed human level intelligence to achieve goal. Understanding Speech is at 98% human levels today- Understanding Sound or Images computers are over the 80% levels Understanding Language- IBM Watson has achieved its goals Self driving cars will be achieved in 3 years or less We might begin to get very close to "human level" intelligence soon, it doesn't mean its alive or has consciousness. But like with "airplanes & flight" maybe the simulations do not really need to model the brain exactly to achieve its near perfect implementation "as a better tool" that humans use in the near future or say 10,25 years time frame. Humans have fixed brains- certain number of neurons, certain fixed amount of memory before aging & getting dementia or forgetfulness. Computers CPUS & GPUS grow exponentially. Computers memory continually expands its own limits. What makes humans so great questions arise: Humans can't see as great as eagles that have awesome vision Humans memory isn't as good as say elephants Humans running speed can't match a cheetah Humans only have a certain number of thoughts each day, many of those are repeating thoughts- computers can think of billions of thoughts & play out millions of moves on a chess board that humans can't attain. What if we learn that so-called human level "thinking" doesn't require consciousness. Does computer simulations really need to finally become aware or consciousness to achieve or surpass super human levels of intelligence creates new questions.  a) maybe when we finally learn how to replace biology with silicon neuron by neuron- we'll be able to answer those questions once & for all. b) scientist are already using biological cells instead of copper wires or silicon to create   new computer circuits. What if in the distant future super intelligent systems or tools looked at Humans the same way we tend to look at Chimps or that lab mouse today. Both a mouse & chimps are sort of maxed out their own level of intelligence. We are more like chimps in more ways than one, what if humans do have this intelligence threshold already maxed out? Maybe explaining what an iPhone is & how to buy new apps at the app store to say a caveman is hard to really wrap your head around for a caveman to even really understand it. Todays current operating systems like OS X or Windows 10 have billion lines of code that makes them work until they crash or display an error. With all that complexity most computer techs ask you to unplug devices & simply reboot machine to fix them. There's a small number of techs that can drill down & comprehend where the complex code failed. My guess is that the complexity might become so difficult for humans to even wrap their heads around. When computers do reach "awareness or counscioness within the machines" maybe its a random roll of the dice when something simply clicks & we can't explain how or why it happened but just be aware that it has. Fun questions to think about I suppose :-)
  • That was a great event. What wasn't discussed is the question of how we conjure up reality.
  • Excellent discussion. The panel worked really well together and the whole event was very well moderated.
  • @ClassicRiki
    1:01:55 I think it’s a case of a 2 dimensional calculations. 1)When you go to a place that goes into Table T1= Verified (I) with column T1A = and column T1B = Unverified (0). 2) You have Table T2 = Unverified (0) with column T2A = Unverified (I) and T2B = Verified (I). Then you cross reference to avoid having to brute force the question and also acts as a check on correctness. Perhaps this is why we end up with the answer of “not sure” which might come from a T1A==1 AND T2A==1 result. I hope that makes sense to someone haha. It was hard to explain
  • This was pretty good to watch, seeing the brain visualized this way prompted me to think of it as some kind of bio chemical internet, with the glia being the gateways - deciding which meshes and topology to use to approach a problem (which branch of neurons to use). I can see it's more complex than that, although seeing how this subject is moving on is neat, as it helps me to think of things differently
  • Fascinating really enjoyable to watch especially learning about glia cells.
  • What chemicals are used or interpreted into our food affects our behaviors and health. One example of behavioral changes that I have personally experienced is literally feeling the clogged synopsis release from its clogging substance after a few days of quitting nicotine. Cognitive Clarity resumed and ruminating ceased. Addiction is a chemical process that Zaps our will and energy. Medications and food additives as well as pesticides actually alerts our synopsis by blocking pathways-protecting major areas of our brain but also at times stunts our abilities. ETA🌹
  • I really enjoyed the props it actually made me understand the novelty of memories, which was directly to his point.