True Facts: Sea Stars

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Published 2022-04-08
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Huge thank you to:
Dr. Chris Mah
Dr. Tomasz Baumiller
Dr. Timothy O’ Hara
Dr. Charles Messing
Dr. Kate M. Naughton
Dr. Angela Stevenson
Melissa Douglas
Dr. Igor Adameyko
Dr. Symon Dworjanyn
Dr. Lara Tomholt
Dr. Simon Coppard
Sina Heydari
Anders Garm
Melanie Lloyd
Video, courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation © 2022
The New Zealand Marine Studies Centre, University of Otago (New Zealand), and Marco Zilioli
NOAA Australian Institute of Marine Science
Hakai Institute WA State Dept. of Ecology
Ocean Networks Canada / CSSF-ROPOS
Vancouver Aquarium
Ru Selvadurai
Tidal Gardens
beachstuff.uk
Garry Fletcher Racerocks.com Lester Pearson College
Zeb Hallock
Dr. Elise Hennebert
Mike Lukaczyn
WeDive TV
Abhishek Gupta
Mull Aquarium
Annette G.E. Smith
Robert Beck

Baumiller, Tomasz K. (2008). Crinoid Ecological Morphology. , 36(1), 221–249.  doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124116 

Baumiller, Tomasz K. and Messing, Charles G., 2007. Stalked Crinoid Locomotion, and its Ecological and Evolutionary Implications. Palaeontologia Electronica Vol. 10, Issue 1; 2A:10p, 12MB

Baumiller, Tomasz K.; Mooi, Rich; Messing, Charles G. (2008). Urchins in the meadow: paleobiological and evolutionary implications of cidaroid predation on crinoids. Paleobiology, 34(1), 22–34. doi:10.1666/07031.1 

Blowes, L.M. et al. (2017), Body wall structure in the starfish Asterias rubens. J. Anat., 231: 325-341. doi.org/10.1111/joa.12646

Byrne, M. Viviparity and intragonadal cannibalism in the diminutive sea stars Patiriella vivipara  and P. parvivipara. Marine Biology 125, 551–567 (1996). doi.org/10.1007/BF00353268

Clark, R.N. & Jewett, S.C. 2015: A new sea star of the genus Leptasterias from the Aleutian Islands. Zootaxa 3941(4): 579–584. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.4.6

Simon E. Coppard; Andreas Kroh; Andrew B. Smith (2012). The evolution of pedicellariae in echinoids: an arms race against pests and parasites. , 93(2), 125–148.  doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2010.00487.x 

Garm Anders and Nilsson Dan-Eric 2014 Visual navigation in starfish: first evidence for the use of vision and eyes in starfish Proc. R. Soc. B.281: 20133011. 20133011, doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3011

Garm Anders, Sensory Biology of Starfish—With Emphasis on Recent Discoveries in their Visual Ecology, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 57, Issue 5, November 2017, Pages 1082–1092, doi.org/10.1093/icb/icx086

Hamel JF, Mercier A. Prespawning Behavior, Spawning, and Development of the Brooding Starfish Leptasterias polaris. Biol Bull. 1995 Feb;188(1):32-45. doi: 10.2307/1542065. PMID: 29281304.

Hamel, Jean-François et al. “Prespawning Behavior, Spawning, and Development of the Brooding Starfish Leptasterias Polaris.” Biological Bulletin, vol. 188, no. 1, Marine Biological Laboratory, 1995, pp. 32–45, doi.org/10.2307/1542065.

Hennebert, Elise. (2010). Adhesion Mechanisms Developed by Sea Stars: A Review of the Ultrastructure and Composition of Tube Feet and Their Secretion. 10.1007/978-3-7091-0286-2_7.

Hernroth B, Farahani F, Brunborg G, Dupont S, Dejmek A, Nilsson Sko ̈ld H. 2010. Possibility of mixed progenitor cells in sea star arm regeneration. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:457–468.

Heydari, Sina et al.(2020). Sea star inspired crawling and bouncing. Journal of The Royal Society Interface. 17. 20190700. 10.1098/rsif.2019.0700.

KHAN, M. S.R. et al. (2019).  Arrangement and size variation of intra-gonadal offspring in a viviparous asterinid sea star. Zoosymposia, 15(1), 71–82. doi:10.11646/zoosymposia.15.1.8 

Meyer, D. et al. (2021). Crinoid Feeding Strategies: New I nsights From Subsea Video And Time-Lapse (Elements of Paleontology). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108893534

Okanishi M, et al. (2017) Non-destructive morphological observations of the fleshy brittle star, Asteronyx loveni using micro-computed tomography. ZooKeys 663: 1–19. doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.11413

Sheppard-Brennand, H. et al. (2017). A Waterborne Pursuit-Deterrent Signal Deployed by a Sea Urchin. The American Naturalist, 189, 700 - 708.

Sigl, R. et al. The role of vision for navigation in the crown-of-thorns seastar, Acanthaster planci. Sci. Rep. 6, 30834; doi: 10.1038/srep30834 (2016).

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All Comments (21)
  • @TaranVH
    Sea stars are far better aliens than anything science fiction has come up with. That goes for a lot of stuff in the ocean. The biting "drone" pedeselari thing is absolutely mind blowing. I don't know of any other animal that does something like that. When I went scuba diving in Mexico, the instructor said, "So, on the reef, what are you allowed to touch?" I said, "Nothing?" "Correct."
  • @tokilladaemon
    as a marine biologist, i can confirm that "science hippies" is a 100% accurate term for marine biologists
  • @judeblack4360
    Imagine if trees had defense mechanisms like crinoids. You go to cut down that oak in the backyard, but the minute the chainsaw comes out the tree’s trunk snaps off at the base and the whole thing crawls away into the woods like something out of a horror movie.
  • @cyz3566
    “Something you might find on a tray at Satan’s dentist” Zefrank never cease to amaze me with these creative jabs at nature.
  • @nyczdarkalex
    "Don't worry, she gets away. Just kidding...she dies." I snorted my coffee everywhere, that got me good.
  • @kristiw.1823
    In summary, Sea Stars are either the most incredibly complex engineering project in the ocean OR evolution outsourced them to the engineering department of MIT and the geeks found the most complicated way to ensure no one else could explain or outsource necessary maintenance.
  • @rebecculousrk
    Biting fingers all over the body, detachable venomous biting jaws, these things are alien nightmare fuel. Disembodied limbs continuing to attempt to feed mouths no longer nearby, lost arms regenerating whole new bodies, the slo-mo savagery of the urchin…utterly phantasmagoric creatures. I’m completely hooked on your videos, thank you for all your work creating them.
  • Fun fact, the earliest recorded description of the bunyip, an amphibious monster of Australian myth, painted it as a starfish bigger than a person. After watching this video, I can say that would be an extremely terrifying monster.
  • @AloisAgos
    Just give Zefrank his own show on Animal Planet already. I think the man's earned it with this performance.
  • @TheSektorz
    Ah yeah, mr. buttery-smooth voice, talk to me about Patrick Star
  • I love listening to Frank giggle while he's explaining stuff. It's adorable and he's really funny.
  • @larsfinlay7325
    sea stars are so crazy, I rewatch every one of these true facts videos every so often and I always learn something new. thank you. I'm 29, a law school drop out, general fuck up, but I'm going to start my associates in biology with the goal of becoming a field biologist/documentarian. I'm not gonna say anything sappy like it's because of you or that you're a hero to me or anything like that, I just wanted to thank you for the time and love you put into making this video. I can tell you really fuck with sea stars, and I really fuck with you, Ze. best wishes.
  • @glennkrieger
    I have an uncle that cut off his forefinger with a saw by accident while working in his barn. He couldn't find the finger. He and his wife were scheduled to go to Florida for four months while the snow came and went in his home state of Michigan. So, after a quick trip to the ER to patch up his wound they left for sunny Tampa. When they returned in March the snow was gone thankfully. When my uncle went back to the barn to check things out he found another him. That darn forefinger had grown back another entire uncle. After the initial shock they are now best friends. And, I have two identical uncles. Pretty cool.
  • @Intrinsety
    Zefrank is like that one friend you don't talk to that often, but, whenever you do, you always have a really interesting conversation.
  • @BMAN-eb4jk
    6:21 “Your foot can’t do that. Your foot’s boring.” That one always makes me grin.
  • @gargles5270
    i’ve never been particularly interested in sea stars, but the fact that almost every shot in this video showed a unique looking sea star has me captivated
  • So not all sea stars live under a rock under the sea. Next thing you'll say is that sponges don't live inside pineapples too.
  • @13thMaiden
    'Evolution can do anything, if you get it drunk enough.' Words to live by.
  • "The ancestor of sea stars and other echinoderms said screw it, I want to be a circle" And within the first 10 seconds, Ze Frank has me dying of laughter