Hydrothermal Vents | Oases in the Deep Sea
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Published 2022-04-22
The process of chemosynthesis is similar to photosynthesis. Both can be defined as the creation of organic matter from the fixation of inorganic carbon using energy. But what differs is the source of that energy. In parts of the deep sea, primary production is fuelled by chemical energy, rather than energy from the sun. But this can only take place at certain sea-floor environments where the required chemicals are released into the water. The two main examples of such environments are hydrothermal vents, and cold seeps. The former were only discovered in 1977 when scientists were exploring an oceanic spreading ridge near the Galapagos Islands. What they discovered was a hidden world that revolutionised our understanding of how and where life on Earth can exist. Since then, hundreds more vent field have been discovered, often at depths of 2km or more, along Earth’s convergent plate boundaries and at sea-floor spreading regions where the oceanic crust is moving apart.
Part 2 - Cold Seeps: • The Peculiar Life of Cold Seeps
Part 3 - Wood-falls and Food-falls: • Deep-Sea Food Falls | A Tale of Wood ...
00:00 - An Introduction to Chemosynthetic Oases
02:15 - Primary Production - Hydrothermal Vents
03:54 - Primary Production - Formation of Hydrothermal Vents
05:19 - Primary Production - Types of Hydrothermal Vents
06:00 - Primary Production - Chemosynthesis at Hydrothermal Vents
07:24 - Vent Communities - An Oasis in the Deep Sea
09:09 - Vent Communities - Interspecific Competition
10:12 - Vent Communities - Resource Partitioning
11:07 - Adaptations at Vents - Grazers and Suspension Feeders
11:46 - Adaptations at Vents - Yeti Crabs and Microbial Epibionts
12:17 - Adaptations at Vents - Tubeworm Endosymbiosis
13:06 - Adaptations at Vents - The Pompeii Worm
14:05 - Adaptations at Vents - Predatory Organisms
14:31 - Adaptations at Vents - Deep-sea Skates
14:57 - Adaptations at Vents - Life on the Periphery
15:50 - Adaptations at Vents - Endemism
16:15 - Adaptations at Vents - Origins of Life
17:13 - Conclusion
CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/
Written, Narrated and Edited by Leo Richards
Vent Animation custom made by Fabio Albertelli and Jakub Misiek
I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy as these films are transformative and for educational purposes. Majority of footage is obtained through footage requests to the respective organisations.
Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Ocean Networks Canada, CSSF-ROPOS, Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Most footage is used with explicit permission of the copyright owner. In cases where I cannot contact the owner or have not received a reply, I use certain clips in accordance with the Fair Use policy.
Music Used:
How it Was by Laurel Violet
Inborn by Piotr Hummel
Back Home by Max H
Once Loved by Max H
Escaping Forever by Michael Vignola
One Word (reworked) by Christopher Galovan
Deep Blue Sea (instrumental) by Yehezkel Raz
Autumn Nights by O.B
#deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology
Bibliography:
Martin, W., Baross, J., Kelley, D. and Russell, M., 2008. Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life. Nature Reviews Microbiology, [online] 6(11), pp.805-814. Available at: www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro1991
Mullineaux, L., Metaxas, A., Beaulieu, S., Bright, M., Gollner, S., Grupe, B., Herrera, S., Kellner, J., Levin, L., Mitarai, S., Neubert, M., Thurnherr, A., Tunnicliffe, V., Watanabe, H. and Won, Y., 2018. Exploring the Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents in a Metacommunity Framework. Frontiers in Marine Science, [online] 5. Available at: www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2018.00…
Zierenberg, R., Adams, M. and Arp, A., 2000. Life in extreme environments: Hydrothermal vents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, [online] 97(24), pp.12961-12962. Available at: www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.210395997
All Comments (21)
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So excited to share this one - thanks for all your patience and sorry for the delay :D Hope it was worth the wait. Today's video is sponsored by Klima. Click klima.onelink.me/GVvD/naturalworldfacts and enter code NATURALWORLD10 to claim 10 additional trees and help offset your carbon footprint.
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This couldn't have came out with better timing. Just started my lunch break, so now I get to relax, eat and enjoy some awesome deep sealife.
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Leo, this is so cool. Between the narration, and the footage, and the illustrations, it’s really impressive. Your bio says you’ve been doing this for a decade and it definitely shows with the quality of your content.
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Finding high quality documentaries about nature, especially the ocean, Is a tall order more often than not, so the accidental (and serendipitous) discovery of this channel was like manna from the heavens. I can't tell you how much I appreciate and respect the time and effort you expend putting these videos together, as well as your willingness to share them. Always looking forward to the next installation.
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Geologist here, I absolutely love this channel and its really great footage. One mistake I'd point out tho is that hydrothermal vents are not found near convergent plate boundaries, they're found in divergent plate boundaries. See : the divergence is caused by crustal thinning near Medio oceanic ridges, this cause a very high geothermal gradient that allow hot fluids to form in the oceanic crust. Convergent plate boundaries, aka subduction zones and collision zones are generally lower geothermal gradient
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As a researcher I often find myself looking for channels with relevant scientific information. I can say without a doubt that this channel is one of the best. The amount of information, the way you explain everything and the little explored theme gives me chills everytime
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I have severe insomnia and this video has helped me actually fall asleep. This is a massive deal for me, so thank you for creating such relaxing, informative content.
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I dream of moons of Saturn Jupiter's moons having ecosystems like this in their sub surface oceans. Since they've proven to have huge heated water geysers on the surface, so that proves there is a heat source, and heat, power source under the water there, it's awesome 👍
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This channel has genuinely inspired me to pursue my childhood dream of becoming a marine biologist. Found your channel about a month ago and I have seen every single video at this point. Best YouTube channel out there. Keep it up!!!!
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The amount of joy that I get every time you upload is unfathomable. I absolutely adore the ocean and your videos give me life.
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Your voice is otherworldly, every time I listen to your videos I go into a trance. Its like sudden onset hypnosis, you could probably tell me to do anything and I’d do it. I’m glad you’ve chosen to use your powers for good rather than evil, good on you.
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This video was so amazing, but then again I love all of your videos! I am particularly fascinated with deep sea vents. I think they're my favorite deep sea environment to learn about. I remember watching a documentary about them when I was young, back in the late 70s or early 80s and they were a brand new discovery. I think that was the first time I really understood how much we still have to learn about our planet. Thank you for your amazing and entertaining work!
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I'm so happy the algorithm blessed me with this video! I did a school project on hydrothermal vents around 2007 and found it to be fascinating but incredibly frustrating as there was very little information available. I could tell there was a beautiful story there, but I was unable to see how it all fit together and ultimately I was unsatisfied with the story I presented in my project. Watching this video is like a dream come true. Impossibly satisfying. Thank you for telling this story in such a beautiful way.
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Poetic narration combined with excellent moving picture - your channel is what the History Channel should be.
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It's absolutely remarkable what images the technology of today can get us. Just imagine, decades ago people would have a hard time to even imagine what the depths of the ocean or the surface of other planets in out solar system looked like, and today any average Joe can look up pictures or videos of either. Truly amazing...
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Fantastic, as always, and well worth the wait! The beauty of the deep sea always astonishes me. It's hard to remember that all of this exists in utter, complete darkness except when a rover lights it up. Thank you, Leo, for another great video!
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Leo, amazing content as always. I’d still love to see a video on Arctic deep sea creatures. You’re the next Attenborough. I’ll say it on every video I comment on!
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Absolutely awesome. This channel rekindled my passion for the ocean some time ago and because of it I got my open water diving certification completed with PADI last weekend. Thank you for all the work you do, much love from Florida!
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Just wanted to say that of all the many many nature channels I follow, I think you've managed to become my favorite over the past few years. The quality (and relevance) of the 4k footage paired with the perfect background music and soothing narration serves as an excellent medium for your delivery of fascinating concepts and explanations of life we may never get to experience in person. Personally, my favorite videos of yours are the phylum and biome overviews, but I still watch everything because it's all top tier content. Love your channel man, I look forward to seeing your journey and learning tons more about ocean life!!
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Absolutely love the ground up description of these vent ecosystems, you structured this video super well and it made it very easy to understand the importance of the micro levels of this ecosystem and their impact on visible life and structures (despite the areas looking deceptively barren at times) . Another fantastic video as always, keep up the wonderful work dude :)
