Why do cylindrical rockets roll?

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Published 2019-06-18
Here’s a fun question that not only have I myself asked, but I get asked fairly often, why do we hear a call out like “roger roll” or “roll program complete” at which point we can see the rocket rotate or roll on its X axis…

The best example of this was the Space Shuttle which had a very obvious and dramatic roll program. As soon as it cleared the tower, you can see it making a very impressive and sometimes scary looking roll.

Now a maneuver like this makes sense when a vehicle is asymmetrical like the Space Shuttle, but why do cylindrical rockets like the Saturn V, Titan, Atlas, Delta IV etc etc even bother doing a roll?

Can’t rockets just tip over in whatever direction they need to go? Do a little pitch here, a little yaw there just as long as the pointy end is going the direction it’s intended to go, who cares which side of the rocket is facing the Earth and which side is facing space… right?

So today we’ll first define the pitch, yaw, roll and their corresponding axis on a rocket, then we’re going to dive into why a rocket rolls in the first place, take a look at launch azimuths and their relationships to trajectories and we’ll look at some unique solutions to orientations including some rockets that don’t roll on ascent to align with their trajectory.

Want an article version of this video? Here you go! - everydayastronaut.com/why-do-cylindrical-rockets-r…

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All Comments (21)
  • We live in a wonderful age. I am not talking about space exploration, but the fact that such a quality science video can be produced by enthusiastic individuals and published for free. 30 years ago it would have taken a full production team and the commitment of an entire broadcast network. Great stuff, sir. (And your helpers)
  • @ioresult
    KSP really comes to life when used as an educative tool. I love it.
  • @higgydufrane
    The man loves talking about rockets. It makes it so much easier to listen when the speaker is enthusiastic about the topic. Well Done.
  • @SpecialEDy
    Yup, In Kerbal Space Program, I learned that separatrons and flea boosters arent enough to separate some larger asparagus boosters. You need to constantly roll to keep the next pair of separating boosters parallel with the horizon
  • I kinda love how KSP can be used as a tool to demonstrate so many of the basics of spaceflight.
  • @Trev0r98
    "Why do cylindrical rockets roll?" Because they rock!!!
  • IMU stands for Inertial Measurement Unit not Instrument unit Please upvote so he can see this
  • Another great video. At first it seems like a no problem, but you really did a good job explaining why its necessary and how it works. Moreover i really have to thank you for your ever increasing quality standard; nowadays you live up to your name, cause it is literally out of this world! ;-) <3
  • @emkasCG
    As someone learning 3d animation, the term "gimbal lock" gives me shivers
  • @myrobotfish
    Most dads: "Okay are we ready to rock-and-roll?" Tim as a dad: "Okay are we ready to rocket-roll?"
  • @BillPickle
    Man that 20 minutes flew by so fast, and was still incredibly informative and entertaining. Great video Tim!
  • @nettlesoup
    I skipped watching this video the first time it came up in my recommendations because I guessed it wouldn't be that interesting. Boy, was I wrong! This was fascinating from start to finish, and I really enjoyed the way you put it all together and summarized at the end. 🙏🙏
  • @prjndigo
    You forgot centripetal distribution of fuel / slosh dampening.
  • @KonstaKokC
    In Soviet Яussia launch pad rolls you 🚀
  • @AmxCsifier
    First time I see a thumbnail arrow which is actually useful and not spammy
  • Wow, the scary part is I actually comprehended almost half of what you just covered. So much to know. I will have to watch all of your videos now that I'm hooked. Great stuff to know! And always remember, Rockets don't fly, they roast the air into submission.
  • @PeterArnold1969
    Another amazing explanation of what can be a complicated subject. Always remember, going to space is HARD! Thanks for putting the time in to make this.
  • @Davide_sd
    Another great video, thanks Everyday Astronaut. One thing I'm not entirely sure about is the 20% increase of payload capacity of the Space Shuttle (that would be insane!!!!). A few months back I followed the entire open course "Engineering the Space Shuttle" at EdX, and the question "why the SS perfomed the roll maneuver" came up a few times. The engineers doing the talks gave 2 reasons: 1. They were re-using old Apollo launch pad, therefore they were subjected to their limitation and needed to be able to place the vehicle at the right attitude (with the roll maneuver). 2. The aerodynamic engineers figured it out that there was less stress on the orbiter when it was sitting underneath the main tank during the max Q phase (maximum areodynamic pressure), this was because (as you mentioned) the thrust was directed throught the center of the mass of the entire system, therefore the orbiter was somewhat skewed with respect to the flight path. Funny story (I don't know if it's actually true, but it was stated on the aformentioned course): when Soviet launched their first and only Buran, they too did the roll maneuver. They didn't have to, because their launch pad was capable of giving the right attitude to the vehicles. So american engineers (after the collapse of the soviet union) asked russian engineers: why did you do that roll maneuver??? They replied: "Because you did it" :)
  • @borgman151
    Wow Tim! Even an idiot like me can now understand azimuth, pitch, yaw and roll in rockets. You are brilliant sir.