True Facts: Elephants

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Published 2023-07-21
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Thank you:
Dr Andrew Schulz, Max Planck Institute
Dr Caitlin O’Connell-Rodwell, Harvard Univ
Dr Joshua Plotnik, CUNY
Caitlin Hawley, Arizona State Univ
Dr Julio de Castro
Dr David L. Hu, Georgia Tech
Dr Jianing Wu, Georgia Tech

Bernard Dupont, www.flickr.com/photos/berniedup/
Michael Rose, www.instagram.com/michaelrose17/
Tiffany Lo, www.instagram.com/tlotravels/
Destination Uganda, youtube.com/@bekuthman2
Mason Elephant Park & Lodge, masonelephantlodge.com
Wildest Kruger Sightings, youtube.com/@WildestKrugerSightings

Citations

Dale, R., Plotnik, J. Elephants know when their bodies are obstacles to success in a novel transfer task. Sci Rep 7, 46309 (2017). doi.org/10.1038/srep46309

Deiringer, N et al. The functional anatomy of elephant trunk whiskers. Commun Biol. 2023 Jun 8;6(1):591. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04945-5.

Foerder P, et al. Insightful problem solving in an Asian elephant. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023251.

Hoerner F, et al. Long-Term Olfactory Memory in African Elephants. Animals (Basel). 2023 Feb 15;13(4):679. doi: 10.3390/ani13040679

Kaufmann, L.V., et al. Elephant Banana Peeling. Current Biology, 33, R239–R258, April 10, 2023.

Lefebvre J, et al. Monitoring Thermoregulation Patterns in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in Winter Months in Southwestern Ontario Using Infrared Thermography. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens. 2023; 4(2):312-324. doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4020026

Li LL, Plotnik JM, Xia SW, Meaux E, Quan RC. Cooperating elephants mitigate competition until the stakes get too high. PLoS Biol. 2021 Sep 28;19(9):e3001391. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001391

Plotnik JM, et al. Elephants know when they need a helping trunk in a cooperative task. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 22;108(12):5116-21. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1101765108.

Plotnik JM, et al. Self-recognition in an Asian elephant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov 7;103(45):17053-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0608062103.

Martins AF, et al. Locally-curved geometry generates bending cracks in the African elephant skin. Nat Commun. 2018 Oct 2;9(1):3865. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06257-3. 

Myhrvold CL, et al. (2012) What Is the Use of Elephant Hair? PLoS ONE 7(10): e47018. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047018

O'Connell-Rodwell CE. Keeping an "ear" to the ground: seismic communication in elephants. Physiology (Bethesda). 2007 Aug;22:287-94. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00008.2007.

O'Connell-Rodwell CE, et al. Male African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) Behavioral Responses to Estrous Call Playbacks May Inform Conservation Management Tools. Animals (Basel). 2022 May 1;12(9):1162. doi: 10.3390/ani12091162.

Phasukdee, N., et al. Comparative Anatomy and Histology of Elephant, Human, and Tree Shrew Brains. BSCM, Vol. 61 No. 4 (2022): October-December. DOI: 10.12982/BSCM.2022.24

Schulz AK, Boyle M, Boyle C, Sordilla S, Rincon C, Hooper S, Aubuchon C, Reidenberg JS, Higgins C, Hu DL. Skin wrinkles and folds enable asymmetric stretch in the elephant trunk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Aug 2;119(31):e2122563119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2122563119.

Schulz Andrew K., Ning Wu Jia, Ha Sung Yeon Sara, Kim Greena, Braccini Slade Stephanie, Rivera Sam, Reidenberg Joy S. and Hu David L. 2021Suction feeding by elephantsJ. R. Soc. Interface.182021021520210215, doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0215

Schulz AK, Reidenberg JS, Ning Wu J, Ying Tang C, Seleb B, Mancebo J, Elgart N, Hu DL. Elephant trunks use an adaptable prehensile grip. Bioinspir Biomim. 2023 Feb 8;18(2). doi: 10.1088/1748-3190/acb477.

Stoeger AS, Baotic A. Operant control and call usage learning in African elephants. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Oct 25;376(1836):20200254. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0254.

Stoeger AS, et al. An Asian elephant imitates human speech. Curr Biol. 2012 Nov 20;22(22):2144-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.022.

Stoeger AS, et al. Vocal Creativity in Elephant Sound Production. Biology (Basel). 2021 Aug 5;10(8):750. doi: 10.3390/biology10080750.

Vollrath, F. Uncoupling elephant TP53 and cancer. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, VOLUME 38, ISSUE 8, P705-707, AUGUST 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2023.05.011

Weissengruber GE, et al. The structure of the cushions in the feet of African elephants (Loxodonta africana). J Anat. 2006 Dec;209(6):781-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00648.x

Wu J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Shumate D, Braccini Slade S, Franklin SV, Hu DL. Elephant trunks form joints to squeeze together small objects. J R Soc Interface. 2018 Oct 24;15(147):20180377. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0377.

All Comments (21)
  • “Apparently that’s what you do with a PhD, catfish an elephant”. That is hysterical. I hope the scientists who did that study see the video.
  • @jacforswear18
    “If the elephant lives long enough, it will die.” This is the kind of hard hitting scientific knowledge I stick around for 😊
  • I just can't get over how touching it is to hear all those elephants excited about a birth of a baby elephant! How they rush over and trumpet in joy! It just makes me love elephants so much more!
  • @BlackGryph0n
    “They can lift up to 700 pounds! Which is the equivalent of 700 one pound weights” I’m a total infant, but that one killed me! 😂
  • @jobrown95
    “Elephants have big brains. Look at that one; it’s dead.” So blunt and so damn funny, Ze Thank you
  • @Thanatos2996
    “The smattering follicular landscape of a testicle” is without a doubt the most artful way I’ve ever heard something compared to a ballsack.
  • @nohbdyz3
    I never realized how terrifying looking an out-of- context elephant trunk was. Thanks, Ze Frank!!!
  • @tvmcgameads2833
    9:50 I had to look this up. Turns out this elephant's name is Koshik. He learned to make sounds from at least 5 Korean words that he hears most often from his keepers. First time an animal has been recorded replicating human speech by putting its body parts in its mouth.
  • @misteraskman3668
    "If it lives long enough, it will die" Biology never ceases to amaze me.
  • @perrinfan
    Elephants are so lovely. They celebrate birth as a group and grieve as a community. And their babies need time "to elephant." So sweet. I adore them. 🐘
  • Its so adorable the way the mother gets excited after it got a whiff of its daughters dookie it hadnt seen in 12 years. Still remembers the scent. As a dad, i couldnt wait to forget the scent of my kids dookie. Changing diapers and gagging... Now if my son stinks up the bathroom, i dont get a bunch of fond memories. I just get air freshener.
  • @sallymcmanus9198
    The first time I saw one of his videos, my 7 & 8 year old grandkids were here & I thought that it would be a teaching moment so I called them to me. We got all settled with me in the middle & I hit play so we all could learn together. Well, 😳 it didn’t take but a very few words for me to blush & suddenly "remember" there was something important I had forgotten to do & needed their help with, lol. I shared the video with my son & daughter-in-law & we all got a big laugh & thankfully the kids never asked about the video either. That taught me my lesson to not disregard what might be pertinent information given at the beginning of a video. I still watch each episode for the education I get & the belly laughs😂 ✌️☮️
  • @DanGamingFan2846
    My favorite thing about Elephants, is how mentally similar they are to humans. Great memories, tight family units, empathy, self awareness, mourning the dead, they're just so much like us.
  • @danktorvosaurus
    0:35 As a former Kansan, I can confirm Kansas is exactly like a mucus-filled placental sac inside the uterus of an elephant.
  • @hippy282
    I love Ze Franks scientific terms like "grabby grabby" Always fun!
  • @AlexTrevell
    Mom passed away this morning and decided to watch this today, seeing as she loved watching these videos with me.
  • @Willow76ny
    Watching a baby elephant figure out how to use their trunk is utterly adorable.
  • @bobby_greene
    Fun fact; the moment an elephant is born is the highest off the ground it will ever be naturally for the rest of its life.
  • @Schlachtoros
    Elephants are amazing. Got to touch them in Thailand (we made sure that they were not chained and kept against their will), and it was one of the most special moments of my life. Their skin looks so rugged, but it is actually really soft, and their eyes are the most knowing and sentient ones I have ever seen in an animal. Absolutely amazing