How a Differential Works | Types of Differentials Explained

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Published 2022-02-06
How a Differential Works | Types of Differentials Explained

Video Credits (Please check out these channels also):
[Toyota USA] How a Differential Works -    • How a Differential Works | Toyota  
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What is Differential?
If you have ever played with a toy car, you know it moves well in a straight line, but it doesn’t take a turn. This is because it doesn’t have a differential. But, your vehicle makes turns on corners, whether it’s front, rear, four, or all-wheel-drive.

A differential is defined as a gear train consisting of three gears that feature the rotational speed of one shaft, the average speed of the others, or a fixed multiple of that average.

The differential is a gear that transfers engine torque to the wheels. It takes power from the engine and delivers it, allowing each wheel to rotate at a different speed on turns.

Why Differential Is Needed?
The differential allows the steering wheels to turn at different speeds so the car can take turns without putting much pressure on the tires. The inside wheels move at a short distance compared to the outer wheels.

If the axle does not allow the wheels to spin freely, the tire wheel will drag on the ground. Hence this is essential when the vehicle turns, causing the wheel to move outside the turning curve to roll further and faster than the other.

Parts of Differential
The following are the parts of the differential system:
1. Differential side gear or sun gears
2. Pinion shaft or cross pin
3. Axle shafts or half shafts
4. Ring gear or crown wheel
5. Drive pinion or bevel pinion
6. Differential pinions or planet gears
7. Differential case or Housing

--- Time Stamp --
00:00 - What is a Differential?
00:58 - Why differential is needed?
01:29 - Parts of Differential
02:51 - How does Differential work?
04:49 - Types of Differentials
05:13 - Open Differential
06:25 - Limited-slip Differential
07:42 - Locking Differential
08:53 - Torque Vectoring Differential
10:05 - Torsen Differential
11:22 - Welded Differential
11:53 - Wrap up

#differential #howitworks

Disclaimer:
This video is just for educational purposes only. We are not in the auto repair business nor publish automotive service manuals. This video is not reviewed or authorized by any vehicle manufacturer. This video is intended only as general guidance. Every system is slightly different, so refer to the owner’s manual of your vehicle for any specific information about your model. Remember that only proper service and repair procedures will ensure your car's safe and reliable operation.

Copyright Disclaimer:
Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational, or personal use tips the balance favor of fair use.

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All Comments (21)
  • @marvichadap8338
    hi man, i know you dont get much views or likes but you have no idea how much help you're giving to future engineers like me, wish you success, god bless <3
  • @joelafleur6423
    Locking diffs and locking hubs for off road use, man what good times!! I remember jumping out of the truck to lock the hubs!
  • I have had FWD and RWD cars fitted with Torsen differentials. In my experience you don't know they are there except for big improvements in traction. Maintenance free, light and small size fitting inside an open diff casing. Ideal.
  • @Sourpusscandy
    I design automotive training programs, and if it were my decision, the students would watch all your videos and we would have a few classes that are specific to the maker/model. Excellent job guys, 5/5 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  • @Ernxsto95
    This was insanely helpful, thank you very much. Please keep making videos like these.
  • @frosthoe
    Thank you , great explanations and practical demonstrations. I learned a few things here today, steller !
  • @WERT2025
    Cool. Would like to see more details and animations of torque vectoring diff
  • @Josecito777
    Excellent video, I've watched 5 or 6 videos before this one, this one goes very straight to the point and i love that
  • @TN3.1
    Thank you, I always found differentials hard to understand but you explained every compenent and its function very simply and informativley
  • reinforcing what others are saying below, differentials are fascinating, If you want to make an hour-long explanation you can depend on me watching every moment. You might want to throw in something on tracked vehicles (or maybe a separate video). You make me wish I had gone into engineering :)
  • @Thundarr995
    I got the Torsen differential out of a firebird and put it in my S10. Mine's a 4.3L 5speed and that thing...I've gotten stuck on wet grass before when I had the stock open differential in it. It drives really good with the Torsen in there. GM should have offered it from the factory.
  • @mntszu
    Tremenda inteligencia en este tema. Realmente impresionante, y lo digo por q no conozco del tema, pero reconozco su complejidad, es interesante. Y me encantan estos vídeos por q muestran cómo funcionan los componentes de los vehículos los pro y contras y te da el conocimiento necesario para entender tú propio vehículo y si te gusta el tema de la mecánica, poder usar este conocimiento para diagnosticar cualquier problema q se presente. Realmente genial! Gracias😁👍, ah! Hablando de cuáles me gustan más, pues el diferencial de los 4wd por supuesto. Pero para cada terreno y necesidad hay uno, y dependiendo de ello pues así es q se adquiere un vehículo ☺️
  • Gotta go with the Torsen. Simple yet extremely durable. My 2020 4Runner Limited has a Torsen center differential controlling the AWD System, and I almost never have to lock it into 4-wheel drive as the Torsen does a seemless job.
  • @avuazahc1966
    Enjoying all the way from South Africa. That very informative stuff
  • @IamGroot786
    I have a torque vectoring diff in my current vehicle and it's pretty rocking when taking fast turns!
  • @ETripleGGaming
    Wow this came down my timeline on youtube and how i o so needed this!!👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾 wondering why my car sounded like that?
  • @Matthews.sekwila
    Man you're great and you helped me during my test and I passed thanks and I have recommended this channel to my friends
  • Excellent video Well explained only with what’s important without over doing