The Planets Are Weirdly In Sync

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Published 2021-04-08
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Orbital Resonance
Incredibly, three of the four largest moons of Jupiter (Ganymede, Europa and Io) have orbital periods that are whole number ratios with each other (1:2:4). The big gap in Saturn's rings is caused by a moon much further out that has an orbital period double that of the gap! We've even found exoplanet systems with these patterns. They're all the result of orbital resonance. This video explains how that mechanism works.

CORRECTION: In the video I say that Ganymede, Europa and Io are the largest moons are jupiter. Actually here are the 4 largest moons from largest to smallest:

Ganymede
Callisto
Io
Europa

Here's my video on resonance:
   • A better description of resonance  

Here's my video about bad maths:
   • Stand-up comedy routine about bad sci...  

This is Dr Becky Smethurst's channel:
   / @drbecky  

This is Beardyman's channel:
youtube.com/user/beardyman

This is Jay Foreman's channel:
youtube.com/user/jayforeman51

This is the Veritasium video mentioned at the start:
   • The Surprising Secret of Synchronization  

Here's the paper I found that explains orbital resonance:
articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1976ARA%26A..14..2…

Image credits:
Picture of Dwayne Johnson - Aarón Sánchez

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All Comments (21)
  • @SteveMould
    You can also discuss this video on REDDIT: stvmld.com/7enfg47s I say "in other words" about 300 times in this video. But what's the alternative?! CORRECTION: In the video I say that Ganymede, Europa and Io are the largest moons are jupiter. Actually here are the 4 largest moons from largest to smallest: Ganymede Callisto Io Europa
  • @veritasium
    Man, we looked at explaining the orbital resonance but thought "nah, that would take a whole other video" and here it is! Kudos to you - I get it now!
  • Having all the planets of a solar system line up is the celestial equivalent of the DVD logo hitting the corner of the screen
  • Turning the resonances in nature into musical notes an beats was one of the coolest things I’ve learned in a long time. Great video!
  • @FindTheFun
    I realized this in High School when we had to program a realistic to-scale solar system with their correct orbits and masses and everything. It actually wasn't that hard, just time consuming to enter in all the numbers exactly. I noticed all the planets and their moons had a resonance to their orbits and revolutions, and it made me feel like I was living on a tiny gear inside of a giant clock. Sounds lame and underwhelming now but back then it was incredibly grounding and insightful to me for whatever reason.
  • @sharkinahat
    You science youtubers really are on a first name basis with every other science youtubers. It's cross overs all the way down.
  • @pooyataleb2514
    didn't expect to hear the planets do a beat drop when I woke up today
  • When you played the notes on the piano at the end it would have made the old pythagoreans happy who believed in the music of the spheres. It reminded me of that antique concept
  • @Ceyesse
    Turning planets orbits to frequencies to turn them to tones to turn them to music is EXACTLY what I did a few years ago for my own curiosity and to find by « hear » patterns that wouldn’t appear otherwise. I am glad you did a video about it. I still think that it would be beautiful to release that as some open source music. Planets do make music, actually.
  • @andrezzz_
    There's literally The Rock in the gap of Saturn rings. Just brilliant visualisation.
  • @GeorgeBratley
    My mind was blown several times during the duration of this video, but when you casually dropped the fact that Beardyman and Jay Foreman are brothers, I had to go for a short walk to recover.
  • @GongMaster
    You just explained the so called Cosmic Octave. Planetary orbital frequencies translated by the octave into the audible range. I am producing music based on this for more than 20 years and I programmed my own calculator to convert orbital periods in musical tuning data. I saw the stickers on your piano keys and I recognized, that the colours are not in relation to the actual tonal frequencies. If you octave a tonal frequency into the visible spectrum, you get a Green for C, Blue-Green for C#, D is Blue, D# is Blue-Violet, E is Violet, F is Red-Violet and F# is actually at the beginning of the visual spectrum by being Red, G is Red-Orange, G# is Orange, A is Orange-Yellow, A# Yellow and the final key B is Yellow-Green. If you translate the orbital time into seconds and apply the formula f=1/sec you get the orbital frequency. Then apply the octave (double the frequency) until you get a tone in the middle range of audible frequencies. The earth year is a C# at 136.1 Hz, Blue-Green, the Master -Tuning is then 432.1 Hz and the octave analog tempo is 63.8 BPM. My calculator can also calculate backwards and I can type in any wavelength of light and convert it into such musical tuning data. If you check my account you will find a recent video with my live act CONSTELLATION. We performed at the Ibiza Light Festival in October 2022, where we performed a Venus concert and a Saturn concert. The gongs I am playing are also tuned to these orbital frequencies. They are so called symphonic planet gongs. The Swiss mathematician Hans Cousto discovered the cosmic octave and Jens Zygar had the idea to tune gongs to these frequencies, because symphonic gongs are one of the best ways to experience such sonic vibrations, because of their wide frequency range and especially below the audible range, so you can feel the beat. Anyway, I am happy I discovered your video today and it goes in my archive of bookmarks, because it is a nice way of explaining how to translate orbital frequencies into sound. @DrBecky I just discovered yesterday. Nice how the Youtube algrorhythm works. Also a form of resonance. :)
  • @saddle1940
    I've always found it interesting that when something is drawn the same scale of a probe on Saturn's rings, the rings looked curved. Surely the rings material would look sparse and as straight as any road you've ever been on. It would be a straight line heading off into the distance with minimal chance of seeing any curve as you're not high enough off the rings and they're only 10m thick. Even at a tall height, it'd look more like a StarWars starting text written in gibberish heading directly away from you. After 1200km (thickest ring) in front of you, it'd curve inward about 1 degree. Just above the ring surface, it'd probably just look like a thin line dividing your view of the universe in half that maybe gets thicker, in front and behind.
  • @mayhem1331993
    those last minutes prior to the sponsorship part where kinda magical. i'm talking about the octave part.
  • @rogeryoung3587
    The main take-away from this video — Beardy Man and Jay Foreman are brothers. Who knew? Not me ;-)
  • @dionysus1664
    Seeing that they're chords just completely blew my mind.
  • @pimpusmane
    YT recommending this to me a year late, I guess I can reminisce about how the planets were in sync
  • @SangheiliSpecOp
    I know it gets said a lot, but you have a gift in explaining this phenomenon in a way that is easy to digest, and the graphics help a lot as well. Thank you! I had no idea that orbital resonance was a thing until today!
  • My dude, finding out that beardyman and Jay foreman are brothers was more mind-blowing than the rest of the video
  • @MrPW2009
    When I was at University in 1970s studying music, in medieval music history we studied the foundations of the first European Universities in Oxford, Bologna and Paris, where the learned men studied the Quadrivium, a combination of mathematics, astronomy, geometry and music. Part of their belief involved "The Harmony of the Spheres", a hypothesis that suggested music maths and astronomy were all connected by the divine relationships of the movements of the planets that corresponded to the resonance of a harmonic series. What you are now telling us is that in other star systems they would have been right!