Why is the RUDDER SPLIT? Explained by CAPTAIN JOE

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Published 2019-04-03

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Dear friends and followers, welcome back to my channel and to a great video about the split rudder you see on most wide-body aeroplanes.
The primary flight controls such as the ailerons, elevator and rudder are hydraulically powered. In case of the Boeing 747 which has four independent hydraulic systems, 1, 2,3 and 4 are each powered and pressurized by its respective engine. Now if we look at this schematic, you see that tail fin rudder or vertical stabilizer is split into the upper and lower rudder. The upper rudder is deflected to either side by three actuators, two of them powered by hydraulic system number three and one by system number one. The lower rudder comes with two actuators one powered by system number two and the other by system number four.
As you apply force into the rudder pedals to either side, both the upper and lower rudder will be deflected simultaneously towards the given input.

The slower you fly the more deflection you need of the rudder to have an effect and the faster you fly, the less deflection you need.
So for example, as she comes in for landing, if the pilot applies full left or right rudder, it will go to the maximum deflection of 31.5 degrees, which sometimes can be necessary in strong crosswind conditions. During cruise or speeds higher than 350 knots, with the same amount of input into the pedals, the rudder will only deflect 5 degrees and less to either side.
But as an airline pilot, you always expect the same reply of your plane, no matter the speed. Therefore, airplane engineers have fitted the flight control system with a so-called rudder ratio changer. The general purpose of the rudder ratio changer is to gradually reduce the surface deflection of the rudder by the pedals with increasing airspeed. Please do not mistake this with the yaw damper, that´s a whole other system.

But see more in the video!

Thank you very much for your time! I hope you enjoy this video!
Wishing you all the best!

Your "Captain" Joe

Big thank you to all other youtubers who provided me with the video material to create this video. Your content is highly appreciated. Please follow their channels:

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All Comments (21)

@andyrussell1709 5 years ago

that’s me on the front of that yacht! 1:58 what the hell? We made that video at work as an instructional piece glad you found it useful for something
@RFHeimi 5 years ago

The upper A380 rudder is not active in high speed, it`s only needed on low speed/approach. It has a mechanical device that pushes it always to the right when no hydraulic power on ground. In flight this mechanical force to the right is counteracted by hydraulic pressure keeping the rudder in the midlle and eliminating fluctuations. Both rudders are also limited in travel range as the speed gets higher. So the upper rudder is held mechanically to right on ground due to mechanical force and the lower can be moved by wind to any direction. But it is damped by the internal hydraulic.
@optinaut6710 5 years ago

On the thumbnail it looked like the arrow was pointing to the korean airlines logo and i thought "well yeah, north and south korea lmao"
@gonun69 5 years ago

The space shuttle also had a really cool vertically split rudder doubling as an airbrake.
@thomasjefferson8018 5 years ago

That's why he was gone so long, he just had to grow out the facial hair to look good.😂 lmao
@abdalla2855 5 years ago

WOW, long time, Happy you´re Back.
@supervelocevlogs6510 5 years ago

Beardless Joe: Level 1 Cadet Bearded Joe: Level 100 Mafia Airlines Senior Captain
@maxcchiru 5 years ago

Me: immediately recognizes Footage of Northwest 85 recreated by National Geographic
@lizettegallegos 5 years ago

Tomorrow’s my first day of flight school! I’m both nervous and excited!Pray for me 😂 Thank you all for your positive comments and advice! I had a great first lesson and am looking forward to acquiring new skills. I recognize that it’s going to require a lot of hard work and dedication, but becoming a professional pilot continues to be the dream :)
@GsnMithra 5 years ago

What I saw changing. Facial Hair, Watch, Pen in the shirt pocket.
@SimonSNB 5 years ago

Thanks for simplifying a complex subject once again Joe, you always make the videos very interesting and informative. I'm always inspired by your skills and abilities and I always try to take notes from you and your progression in life and apply them to myself. You're a life changer, thank you.
@rhinox86 5 years ago

can you please make an in-depth video about talking to controllers (whether it be ground or air). So the structure of talking, what everything means, why it's important etc. Thanks!
@nomikhan747 5 years ago

You are the best teacher Cap. Joe❤️
@leanneland 5 years ago

I find your explanations very easy to follow. I’m glad to see you’re back! 😊✈️
@alexgodfrey9974 5 years ago

Hi Joe, I met you today at the Pilot's career fare (having watched your videos for a while now) in Heathrow Airport with my mum and dad (we were the first people you spoke to) I just wanted to say thank you for all the advice you were able to give me as well as being such a nice guy. From Alex Godfrey (hopefully a future pilot)
@giantrobot5804 3 years ago

Watched a tonne of pilots on youtube; commercial ones that are still flying are my favourite and this guy is by far the best. I find myself always coming back to Captain Joe's content. Initially found his channel because of autoplay going off course from ATC videos and then his interview with Kennedy Steve and I was hooked from there. Thank you so much, Captain, for your hard work and great videos.
@spearedward2534 5 years ago

Welcome back captain. Missed the 'dear friends and followers' opening slogan. It switches my brain to aviation lesson mode😊😊
@victoriafrasqueri8567 5 years ago

Our captain's back ! Happy to see you again ✈💙
@_jamesrayner_ 5 years ago

Hi Joe, it was great to see you yesterday at Pilot Careers Live. You are an inspiration! Your videos are great and full of information, please keep making them.
@valobrien9596 5 years ago

I'm obsessed with aircraft. When I was a teenager I started building model airplanes, mostly airliners and cargo planes, a hobby I returned too a few years ago. And all the while I wondered what the split rudder was about. Today, after 30 years or so, Captain Joe answered that question for me! Thank you Joe!! 😉👍