When Volcanoes Erupt Metallic Lava; A Geologic Oddity

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Published 2024-05-14
Approximately 2 million years ago, a volcano in a remote and arid part of the world erupted, leaving behind large amounts of metallic cooled lava. This occurred at Chile's El Laco volcano, and the reason this occurred is quite extraordinary. The lava was not primarily composed of silica like 99.9% of the planet's lavas, but rather iron oxide. These iron oxide rich lavas are today worth more than 80 billion U.S. dollars.

Thumbnail Photo Credit: U.S. Geological Survey (Data Owner), Peterson, D.W. (Photographer), "Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. 1972-1974 eruption of Kilauea Volcano. Skylight in lava tube feeding Kaena Point flow. 1972.", USGS Denver Library Photographic Collection, Public Domain, library.usgs.gov/photo/index.html#/item/51dc7a90e4…. This image was overlaid with text and then overlaid with GeologyHub made graphics (the image border & the GeologyHub logo).

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Sources/Citations:
[1] Keller, T., Tornos, F., Hanchar, J.M. et al. Genetic model of the El Laco magnetite-apatite deposits by extrusion of iron-rich melt. Nat Commun 13, 6114 (2022). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33302-z. CC BY 4.0.
[2] Ovalle, J.T., La Cruz, N.L., Reich, M. et al. Formation of massive iron deposits linked to explosive volcanic eruptions. Sci Rep 8, 14855 (2018). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33206-3. CC BY 4.0.
[3] Pietruszka, D.K., Hanchar, J.M., Tornos, F. et al. Magmatic immiscibility and the origin of magnetite-(apatite) iron deposits. Nat Commun 14, 8424 (2023). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43655-8. CC BY 4.0.
[4] U.S. Geological Survey
[5] USGS Denver Library Photographic Collection

0:00 Iron Lavas
1:20 El Laco Deposit
2:09 Other Iron Deposits
3:01 Ol Doinyo Lengai
3:24 Scientific Model

All Comments (21)
  • @scifrygaming
    Iron mountain in southwest Utah is a magnitite intrusion being mined for Iron ore.
  • @arrionelton
    A new achievement has been discovered: you have studied iron volcanoes.
  • Would be cool if you wanted to talk about the unique geology of the Kiruna mine, especially since a recent survey established that there are significant REE deposits in an adjacent ore body
  • @yochva
    "This may surprise even volcanologists, since silica is the basis for 1,349 of Earth's 1,350 volcanoes." Made me snort my drink in surprised laughter. I love your dry turn of phrase.
  • A volcano that did this consistently with Molten Iron or other commonly used metal would be so useful
  • @user-nd7rg5er5g
    I'm not usually into geology, but I gotta admit that this fascinated me to learn about! Thanks for making this video about such a rarity!
  • @baystated
    Wow I bet those lava flows will mess with your compass needles.
  • @tomkzinti2760
    I would Like on more of your videos if you had a longer outro to give me a chance to grab my TV remote and give it to ya. With the short cutoff, I get no chance. Thanks for all the hard work narrating and the interesting topics/material and the accurate, professional facts of the matters at hand. Good job, man.
  • @user-pi4wj7bm4z
    Thanks for the geological lesson which covers volcanos.I am learning much.Keep up the informative, well presented video.Greg 😊.
  • @ausnorman8050
    That was amazing. Thank you for explaining and showing a completely new (to me) geological phenomenon!
  • @nfrandom3701
    Ol Doinyo Lengai and this volcano are truly strange.
  • @xwiick
    Thanks for all of your hard work man!
  • @MinasK.97
    The Geldingadalir 2021 eruption produced 2 types of lava basaltic black then the eruption output was normal, and metallic grey then it was doing the pauses with the big fountains and that lava it was forming pools if you remember. It was different lava from deeper source I believe You can see it on the cooled lava field, it is one black and one grey lava