How Scientists Created a "Wormhole" in a LAB? Full Explanation
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Published 2023-01-07
REFERENCES:
Description of Experiment: tinyurl.com/2jdap9oz
Was a wormhole created: tinyurl.com/2m8qwod9
Quants Magazine article: tinyurl.com/2eccsymd
Simple description: tinyurl.com/2qpzhq9d
Article by the authors: tinyurl.com/2jwjcotf
Published paper by Spiropulu et al: tinyurl.com/2kexjm9z
Support us and be the first to watch and comment on videos: www.patreon.com/arvinash
CHAPTERS:
0:00 - Intro and questions
0:49 - Quantum mechanics and Relativity
2:15 - ER=EPR
3:59 - How is Entanglement related to wormholes?
6:38 - How a wormhole was created on a computer
9:38 - My opinion of this experiment
10:50 - Further study if you want to learn more
SUMMARY:
A quantum wormhole was created by a team of physicists led by Maria Spiropulu of CalTech. But this was not a wormhole in spacetime, but a quantum holographic wormhole created inside a quantum computer.
The two main theories that describe the universe are Quantum mechanics, the physics of the very small, and General relativity, the physics of the very large. The fundamental problem is the lack of compatibility between these two theories.
Einstein along with Nathan Rosen, in attempting to create a unified theory of quantum gravity, published the ER paper. They developed the concept of a certain type of a wormhole called an Einstein-Rosen (ER) bridge, which consists of the extreme spacetime of two black holes connected via their singularities in a tube-like structure of spacetime.
At about the same time, Einstein, Rosen and Boris Podolsky published the EPR paper, in which they argued that quantum mechanics is incomplete because of something called quantum entanglement, where an apparent exchange of information occurs faster than the speed of light. This is forbidden in relativity theory.
In 1997, physicist Juan Maldacena asked the question, what if two entangled particles very far apart were exchanging information instantly because they were connected via a wormhole? Later he showed that a system involving two sets of entangled particles was mathematically equivalent to two black holes connected via a Wormhole.
Maldecena along with physicist Leonard Susskind proposed the "ER = EPR" conjecture, suggesting that entangled particles are connected via a wormhole. So by creating a configuration of entangled particles, we are also creating something equivalent to a wormhole. This is the basis of the claim in the recent paper about how a wormhole was created in a lab using a quantum computer.
How was this wormhole created? According to general relativity, when anything with mass or energy is introduced into a wormhole, it’s gravitational effect immediately closes it. in order to keep a wormhole open, some form of negative energy is needed to provide a force against the gravitational collapse. Negative energy or mass is something not considered physically possible. But this is not the case in our quantum system. Negative energy can be simulated by manipulating the electrical field to change the spin direction of the qubits.
The researchers created an entangled state between two sides of a quantum system using 7 qubits, consisting of 7 pairs of entangled particles. One set of particles acted as the entrance of the wormhole and the other entangled set acted as the exit of the wormhole. Two more maximally entangled qubits were used in this experiment, bringing the total to 9. One of these qubits is called a “probe” and the other is called a “reference.” The probe was swapped out with a particle located at the entrance of the wormhole. That probe’s possible states then quickly got entangled with the states of the other particles at the entrance, spreading or scattering its information among them. This is roughly analogous to a particle entering the mouth of a wormhole. Next the experimenters changed the electric field to simulate negative energy to keep the wormhole open.
The scrambled information from the probe was then transferred to the exit of the wormhole consisting of the 7 particles on the other side. And then it unscrambled and focused on a single particle at the exit side of the wormhole. The researchers confirmed that information was transferred by measuring the amount of entanglement between the reference qubit and the particle at the exit. The surprise is not that the message made it across in some form, but that it made it across unscrambled.
In principle, if they had two quantum computers on opposites sides of earth, a refined version of this experiment should be able to transmit quantum information from one side to the other.
#wormhole
This is a quantum mechanical simulation of a wormhole and not a real wormhole in spacetime. We are still far away from creating a wormhole in spacetime. They are just mathematically equivalent.
All Comments (21)
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I think you are one of those rare breed of people, who has a very strong understanding of a lot of complex scientific theories, but also has the ability to translate and explain it, in a way that is far more accessible to a general audience. I can't say for sure but it seems to me that you are able to do this with minimal or no damage to the integrity of the original concept.
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I finished my engineering studies some 15 years ago. If I’d had these videos as a kid, I would have become a physicist. Looking forward to what the new generations of physicists come up with, inspired by contents like these. Awesome work Arvin!
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The way you explain such a complex concept in such an easy way is really mind blowing. Hats off to you sir.
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I, for one, welcome our new Delta Quadrant overlords
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Keep doing videos of theoretical concepts, theories, and experiments, they are extremely inspiring!
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That's a great discourse on the "creation of the quantum wormhole." Arvin, your topics keep moving further into the unknown, for my reference but they help me expand my understanding of the interesting work which contniues to expand our knowledge. A great new video. Very well done.
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Awesome video! I love the combination of clear exposition and legible visuals. You've earned yourself a new subscriber, my friend.
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Amazing explanation, thank you for clearing up things that interest me a lot.
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This was damn cool. And the points you make at the end about "crazy ideas" are excellent. Skeptical and open minded.. I think that's the perfect way to say it.
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Awesome as usual! Difficult subject tho, gonna have to rewatch a couple of times.
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Great video! Outstanding graphics that definitely improved the explanation. But, kinda danced around the criticisms of the Quanta Magazine article and video of the quantum computer simulation being over simplified (and possibly over hyped)! Keep up the great work, great start for 2023!
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I think it's pretty ironic how EPR used Spooky Action at a Distance to suggest that quantum mechanics was flawed, but now that same spooky action is being used to show how General Relativity and QM can be linked lol
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Loved this video. I did hear about the holographic wormhole so I was super excited you were going to cover it. My question to you is "If we ever want to make a real transversable wormhole, is the first and foremost requirement, a working theory of quantum gravity?" Thanks!
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Has anyone ever tried to determine if entangled particles are just connected in one or more of the extra dimensions discussed in string theory scenarios? Perhaps they are actually two manifestations of the same particle in our limited 3/4 dimensions… that would no longer be “spooky action at a distance”.
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This is a good video given the choice of topic. Very well written and presented.
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Sometimes i feel like i am nodding along understand everything we are talking about, and then two seconds later im saying "wait, what" out loud and am very perplexed XD
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It is also good to point out that no information really went faster than the speed of light here. I am assuming that it traveled through the electrical pulse that you mentioned?
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While ER=EPR is an amazing & powerful realization, I am genuinely curious how that doesn’t mean GR=EPR or GR=QFD/QED if we, for example see GR as QFD but at a higher scale and also where a black hole = proton/nucleus, stars = electrons and within black hole space>time time>space, light (c) = time and therefore gravitational waves are the light of a larger scale… not explained well at all, but hope the main point comes thru, thanks for great work/vids love the channel thanks!
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Its important to understand that this is waaay simplified but it gives a great view at theese things to people that have not studdied physics for their entire life. Great vid!
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Elegantly simple!! Thank you for creating this video!
